![]() In the analysis of independent cohorts, the New York center was cohort 1, and three centers in Germany, Japan, and North Carolina composed cohort 2. ![]() For stratification of the cohorts into higher- and lower-diversity groups, the median diversity value that was observed at the study center in New York was used. In an observational study, we examined associations between microbiota diversity and mortality using Cox proportional-hazards analysis. The microbiota composition of fecal samples obtained from patients who were undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation at four centers was profiled by means of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Geographic variations in the composition of human microbial communities and differences in clinical practices across institutions raise the question of whether these associations are generalizable. ![]() ![]() Relationships between microbiota composition and clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation have been described in single-center studies. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (R.R.J.). 1 From the Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service (J.U.P., M.M., A.G.C., K.A.M., N.K., D.G.B., M.S.-E., N.C.F., A.A.T., R.J.L., L.Y.S.S., G.L.S., C.C., M.S., I.P., B.G., D.M.P., J.N.B., M.-A.P., S.A.G., M.R.M.B.) and the Infectious Disease Service (Y.T., E.F., L.A.A., R.J.W., E.G.P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.M.D.), the Department of Immunology, Sloan Kettering Institute (A.L.C.G., E.R.L., A.E.S., J.B.S., C.K.S.-T., M.D.D., M.B.S., G.K.A., Y.S., M.R.M.B.), and the Program for Computational and Systems Biology (J.B.X.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and the Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College (J.U.P., Y.T., K.A.M., M.D.D., R.J.L., G.L.S., C.C., M.S., I.P., B.G., D.M.P., J.N.B., M.-A.P., S.A.G., M.R.M.B.) - both in New York Duchossois Family Institute of the University of Chicago, Chicago (E.R.L., E.G.P.) the Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (A.D.S., M.V.L., A.B., L.B., N.J.C.), the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Duke University (J.A.M.), and the Duke Office of Clinical Research, Duke University School of Medicine (K.R.) - all in Durham, NC the Department of Hematology and Oncology, Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center (D.W., E.H.), the Collaborative Research Center Transregio 221 (D.W., A.G., E.H.), and Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg (A.G.) - all in Regensburg, Germany the Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine (D.H., Y.H., T.T.), and the Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital (K.H., T.T.) - both in Sapporo, Japan Research Institute Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL (M.S.-E.) and the Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, University of Cantabria (L.Y.S.S.), Santander, and Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid (A.A.T.) - all in Spain and the Departments of Genomic Medicine and Stem Cell Transplantation Cellular Therapy, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas M.D.
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